Function and structure of Mitochondria
Mitochondria is the most important cell organelle of the cell because it is the mitochondria that provide energy to all cell organelles to function properly. Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell of all organisms because it is the mitochondria which is the center of cellular respiration. The carbohydrate in our food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the form of glucose, the glucose enters into the cell and interacts with oxygen inhaled by us . The reaction between glucose and oxygen that produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy is called the respiration reaction that occurs inside the mitochondria.
Table of contents
- What are Mitochondria?
- Structure of Mitochondria
- Function of Mitochondria
- FAQ’s on Mitochondria
What are Mitochondria?
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound cell organelles that exist in all eukaryotic cells, Mitochondria produce adenosene triphosphate(ATP) , the energy molecule required for cell organelles to function properly. Mitochondria are known as power house of the cell. Cellular respiration takes place within the mitochondria. Mitochondria is derived from the Greek words ‘Mitos’ and ‘Chondrion’ which means thread and granules respectively.It was discovered by the German pathologist Richard Altmann in 1890.
Structure of Mitochondria
Mitochondria is a double layered cell organell and istructured in the shape of a rod. The size of Mitochondria is in the range of 0.5 to 1 micrometer. It comprises of an outer and inner layer . Both layers inner and outer are made of protein and phospholipids. Mitochondria has a gel-like substance inside it known as matrix.The outer membrane of the Mitochondria has a large number of special proteins known as porins.
The inner layer of the Mitochondria has many folds,such a layered structure is called cristae that increases the surface area inside the organelle.The cristae and proteins in the inner layer participates in the production of ATP molecule.The inner layer is extremely permeable to the oxygen and ATP molecule.Many of the biochemical reaction takes place inside the inner layer of the Mitochondria.
Matrix in the Mitochondria is a viscous fluid that contains engymes and proteins.The engymes in the matrix play a major role in the synthesis of ATP molecule.
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Function of the Mitochondria
Mitochondria regulate the metabolic activities of the cell,it promotes the growth of the cell, it detoxifies ammonia in the hepatic cell. Mitochondria help to build up testosterone and oestrogen ,it also regulates the concentration of calcium ions.
FAQ;s on Mitochondria
1-What is the Importance of Mitochondria?
Ans. The Mitochondria provide energy to all cell organelles for their function.
2-What would happen if Mitochondria don’t function?
Ans. If Mitochondria don’t function the cell will die.
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