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NCERT solutions for class 10 Chapter 8 How do organisms reproduce
NCERT solutions for class 10 Chapter 8 How do organisms reproduce are created here for the purpose of supporting the class 10 students in clearing their doubts about the concepts of Chapter 8 How do organisms reproduce. Chapter 8 is one of the most important chapters of the class 10 science NCERT textbook. The study of these NCERT solutions of chapter 8 How do organism reproduce upgrade your knowledge of biology that is required as an input in higher class biology subjects.
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NCERT solutions for class 10 Chapter 8 How do organism reproduce
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Page 128
Q1.What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?
Ans.DNA copying in reproduction is important because of the following features
(i) DNA coping maintains the characteristics of the species according to the change in the environment.
(ii) It is a code for designing the species in the next generation.
(iii) DNA copying is the key to evolution,it leads to the formation of new species.
(iv) DNA copying evokes the survival of the organism.
Q2.Why is variation is beneficial to species but not necessarily for the individual?
Ans. Variation is beneficial to the species because variation provides means of adaptability of the species in a particular nitch.If the variation is not there among the species then the species might be finished . Variation is not necessarily beneficial to the individual because in the changing condition few individuals may be extinct or die out but a percentage of the species modifies them and follows survival for the fittest one and thus new species are originated that is the formula for evolution of evolution.
Page : 128
Q1. How does binary fission different from multiple fission?
Ans.
| Binary Fission | Multiple Fission |
| In binary fission parent cell divedes into two equal half daughter cells | In multiple fission parent cell divides into more than two daughter cells |
| This process occurs in favourabe condition | This process occurs in unfavourable condition |
| Binary fission takes place in amoeba,paraemecium | Multiple fission takes place in plasmodium etc |
Q2.How will an organism be benefitted if it reproduces through spores?
Ans. An organism be benefitted if it reproduces through spores because spores are covered with thick layers that defend them from adverse conditions as for example heat and cold. The spores can be transferred from one place to other through the animal, air and water, therefore it benefits them to have well productivity. When spores get favourable conditions(moisture) they explode and settle down on the earth and grow again. All these features make the spores live successfully in unfavourable conditions.
Q3. Can you think of reasons why more complex organisms can not give rise to new individuals through regeneration?
Ans. All complex organisms have different systems for different functions in the body. Systems are made of organs, all organs are made of tissues and all tissues are made of cells, thus complex organisms are highly differentiated to performed specialized functions. The key point in the case of the complex organism that different types of tissues are composed of different type of cells, so any cut to the part of a complex organism, can not be reproduced to an organism, as an example any part of the human body can not be reproduced to a new individual,in contrary to this body of simple organism are made of similar types of the cell,therefore any part of their body can be reproduced to new individual.
Q4.Why is vegetative propagation is practiced for growing some types of plants?
Ans. Vegetative propagation is used to grow plants that don’t generate seeds, for example, rose, jasmines, and other plants.
Vegetative propagation also protects plants from diseases.
Vegetative propagation also maintains the quality of the plant because the plants which are produced through vegetative propagation are more similar than the plants produced by the seeds.
Q5.Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?
Ans. DNA copying is an essential part of the process of reproduction because this process transfers the characteristics of the parent to the offspring. DNA transferred to the next generation is not the exact copy of the parent,it varies from generation to generation, this variation of DNA copying protects the organism from changing environment.
Page : 140
Q1.How is the process of pollination different from fertilization?
Ans. The process of transferring pollen from the male part of the flower(anther) to the female part of the flower (stigma) is known as pollination and the fusion of male and female gametes is known as fertilization.
| Pollination | Fertilization |
| The process of transferring pollen from the male part of the flower (anther) to the female part of the flower (stigma) is known as pollination | The process of uniting male gametes and female gametes is known as fertilization |
| Pollination occures only in the plants | Fertilization is the common process that occures in every organisms |
| Pollination is external process since it takes place in external part of the flowers | Fertilization is the internal process that takes place inside the body of organism |
| There are two types of pollination self pollination and cross pollination | There are two types of fertlization internal fertilization and external fertilization. |
Q2.What is the role of seminal vesicles and prostate glands?
Ans. The role of seminal vesicles and prostate glands is to secrete fluids that are part of semen, the fluids secreted by seminal vesicles make two-thirds part of the semen, it prepares the passage for sperms. Prostate glands secret the fluids that contain nutrients and slightly alkaline in nature, it nourishes the sperms and neutralizes the acidic medium in the urethra and vaginal track.
Q3. What are the changes seen in girls when at the time of puberty?
Ans. At the time of puberty, girls have some changes.
Their breast enlarged
Hips become in a rounded shape
The pitch of sounds increases
Q4. How does the embryo get nourishment inside the mother’s body?
Ans. The embryo inside the uterus is connected to the uterine wall through a special tissue placenta that is developed in the mother’s body during the pregnancy. The nutrients from the blood of the mother transfer to the embryo through the placenta and when the embryo develops to the foetus then waste products also transfers from the foetus to the mother’s blood in the same way.
Q5. If a woman is using Copper-T, will it help in protecting her from sexually transmitted diseases?
Ans. Copper -T is an intrauterine contraceptive divice , in this device copper ions prevents sperms to reach eggs and thus it cancels the fertilization process in the uterus. Since it does not provide any barrier against the mixing of fluids of two individuals therefore sexually transmitted disease can not be protected through Copper-T.
Page 141
Exercise
Q1. Asexual reproduction takes place through budding in
(a) Amoeba
(b) Yeast
(c) Plasmodium
(d) Leishmania
Ans.(b) Yeast
Q2. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings?
(a) Ovary
(b) Uterus
(c) Vas deferens
(d) Fallopian tube
Ans.(c) Vas deferens
Q3. The anther contains
(a) Sepals
(b) Ovules
(c) Pistil
(d) Pollen grains
Ans.(d) Pollen grains
Q4. What are the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Ans. The advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction are following.
(i) The organisms produced by sexual reproduction have the character of both the parents.
(ii) During sexual reproduction variations in DNA occurs this change is necessary for the adaptability of the organism in changing environment.
(iii) The organisms produced by the asexual reproduction are just a clone,there is no variation which is necessary for the evolution of species, in this respect the organisms produced by sexual reproduction can survive in a better way.
Q5. What are the functions performed by the testis in human being?
Ans. The testis in human being produces sperms and testosterone hormone which is responsible for building up body mass and muscles. The testis also produces androgen an important hormone responsible to develop secondary sexual characteristics like body hair growth, voice change, bone and muscle development.
Q6.Why does menstruation occur?
Ans. The ovary of women releases an egg every month and at the same time uterus prepares itself to receive a fertilized eggs, the inner lining of the uterus thickened and blood supplied by the body to the inner lining of the uterus for the formation of the embryo but when eggs are not fertilized this thicken layer inside the uterus broken up slowly and results in menstruation.
Q7.Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.
Q8. What are different methods of contraception?
Ans. The different methods of contraception are used as follows
Barrier method: In this method sperms are prevented by applying a barrier like condoms for males and females, diaphragm in female,in this method a cap is installed at the opening of the cervix that prevents sperms to drift onwards.
Pills: The pills contain hormones that are utilized to block eggs and thus fertilization doesn’t take place, two types of pills are used oral pills and vaginal pills.
Surgical method: For males, the kind of surgery vasectomy is utilized in which vase deferens is blocked and transportation of sperms are prevented to go further into the vagina. For female tubectomy is utilized in which the fallopian tube is blocked so the fertilized eggs don’t enter the uterus.
Intra-Uterine Devices: These devices are used in females in which the device in implanted into the fallopian tubes and thus flow of fertilized eggs is blocked, its example is Copper T.
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