NCERT solutions of class 10 science chapter 15-Our Environment

NCERT solutions of Class 10 science chapter 15-our environment are created here for helping the class 10 students to boost their preparation of the cbse board exam. All NCERT solutions are explained scientifically in a proper way. NCERT solutions of class 10 science chapter -15 will give complete idea of  the environment in which we are living.

The chapter -our environment is consist of useful peaces of information regarding the safeguard of bour environment because our environment is in danger by the excess use of fossil fuels, here in this chapter there are given complete idea about the settlement of waste materials whether it is biodegradable or non-biodegradable wastes.

NCERT solutions of class 10 science chapter 15-Our Environment

Download PDF-NCERT solutions of class 10 science chapter 15-Our Environment

PDF-NCERT solutions of class 10 science chapter 15-Our Environment

Q1.Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-biodegradable?

Ans. The food eaten by us is digested by us, digestion is the process in which enzymes secreted by our body breaks up the complex molecules into simple molecules, on the same way molecules of some of the waste or dead animal or plants are changed to simple molecules through the bacteria available in the environment and then absorbed by the soil as nutrients. and minerals., these processes are known as biological processes and such substances which are acted by enzymes in settling them to their different components known as biodegradable.

Some of the substances buried by us or eaten by us are not changed to their components by the biological processes or bacteria known as non-biodegradable, such as plastic, coal, and other hydrocarbons. These substances may be inert and simply persist in the environment for a long time or may harm our ecosystem.

Q2.Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

Ans. The bacteria act on waste material like food peels of vegetables and fruits, dead animals and their reminders dumped in the dustbin and the open area convert them into their comments, in this process, foul-smelling gases are released that makes impure air of the adjoining area.

The dumping of biodegradable waste also breeds mosquito and flies which carries bacteria to our food items and their bite to our body causing different kind of diseases.

Q3.Give any two ways in which non -biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

Ans. The food items packaged by polythene when eaten by the cow or other animal, it is choked up inside their intestine that may cause their death.

If the use of polythene is continued, its layer on the earth will obstruct the rainwater to go inside the soil of earth would result in the agricultural field becoming barren and underground water lowering up seeking the dryness inside the earth and the land will be fragmented into many pieces.

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Q1.What are trophic levels? Give all examples of a food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.

Ans. The trophic levels are groups of animals in which every organism gets food from the environment in such a way that they depend on each other.

Example. Snake, frog, insects grass in which grass is first trophic level, insects second trophic level, frog third trophic level, and the snake is fourth trophic level.

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Q2.What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?

Ans. The role of decomposers or so-called saprophytes decomposes the dead plants and animals and their reminders into their components that are absorbed by the soil. Decomposers (bacteria) convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into nitrogenous compounds making the soil enriched with nutrients for plants.

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Q1.What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?

Ans.  When UV rays of sunlight incident on our atmosphere, it split up oxygen molecules into atoms. Since oxygen atom is highly reacted, it combines with an oxygen molecule and thus forms ozone gas, the layer of ozone protects us from dangerous UV rays that cause skin cancer, so if UV rays are allowed to enter the atmosphere, the survival of all the organisms will be endangered. Ozone gas itself is a harmful gas to human health.

Q2.How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods.

Ans. The waste disposal can be treated with three R’s reuse reduction and recycle. We have to minimize the use of non-biodegradable substances like plastics and polythene  and prefer them to be recycled and reuse

The waste material which is biodegradable can be used to generate energy since biodegradable substances are ultimately transformed into the soil, so that can be used to build small beautiful regions adaptable for different kinds of plants which may become a tourist spot.

Exercise

Q1. Which of the following groups contain only biodegradable items?

(a) Grass, flowers, and leather

(b) Grass, wood, and plastic

(c) Fruit-peels, cake, and lime-juice

(d) Cake, wood, and grass

Ans. The groups (a)  Grass, flowers and leather (c) Fruit,-peels, cake and lime-juice (d)  Cake, wood and Grass are consist of all biodegradable items and the group  (b)  Grass, wood and plastic don’t contain all biodegradable items because plastics is non -biodegradable item.

Q2. Which of the following constitute a food chain?

(a) Grass, wheat, and mango

(b) Grass, goat, and human

(c) Goat, cow, and elephant

(d) Grass, fish, and goat

Ans.(b)  Grass, goat, and human

Q3. Which of the following are environmental-friendly practices?

(a) Carrying cloth bags to put purchases in while shopping

(b) Switching off unnecessary lights and fans

(c) Walking to school instead of getting your mother to drop you on her scooter

(d) All of these above

Ans. (d)  All of these above

Q4. What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one tropic level?

Ans. If we kill all the organisms of one trophic level, it will lead to an increase in the number of organisms at the lower trophic level and a decrease in the number of organisms at the higher trophic level. This will result in disruption in the food web and hence the ecosystem.

Q5. Will the impact of removing all the organisms at a trophic level be different for different trophic levels? Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed without causing any damage to the ecosystem?

Ans. Yes, the impact of removing all the organisms at a trophic level will be different for different tropic levels. It will not be possible to remove any organism in any trophic level without causing damage to the ecosystem.

Q6. What is biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the ecosystem?

Ans. Biological magnification can be defined as the progressive increase in the concentration of non-biodegradable wastes in the food chain. As there is an increase in the magnification at the primary level of the ecosystems, all the other levels do get affected and the concentration may vary when compared to the first level.

Q7. What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes that we generate?

Ans. Following are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes:

1. These substances cannot be decomposed by microorganisms.

2. As the quantity increases, dumping becomes a problem.

3. Non-biodegradable wastes like heavy metals may enter the food chain in the upper trophic levels.

4. They may escape to the groundwater which causes soil infertility and disturbance in ph of the soil.

Q8. If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this have no impact on the environment?

Ans. The production of a large amount of biodegradable waste will create a threat to the environment. The degradation of such a huge amount of biodegradable material requires a large number of decomposers that are not available. Incomplete degradation will result in the breeding ground for flies causing the spread of diseases. The emission of foul smell can also make life miserable.

Q9. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?

Ans. The ozone layer is a protective cover for the earth. It prevents harmful UV rays from entering the earth as these rays are harmful and can result in skin cancer. But the air pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the main reason for the depletion of ozone layers. Too much UV rays are harmful to plants as they affect photosynthesis, destroy planktons and decomposers. These are the reasons why damage to the ozone layer is a cause of concern.

Steps taken to limit this is that many developing and developed countries have signed and are obeying the directions of UNEP(United Nations Environment Programme) to freeze or limit the production and usage of CFCs.

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